Analyzing -Young people, young media by Sonia Livingstone and Moira Bovill; London School of Economics and Political Science-

Sonia Livingstone and Moira Bovill, the authors of the research that I'm going to analize, conducted the study by first considerating the media as they create a special enviroment. They classify the radio in comparison with other media as listening and noncomputer media, defining it as transparent communication, conceived as a family media who don't consume individually.

The radio is the penultimate machine that young children do not have at home and they don't have in their room. The radio (it isn't clear in the study what type of radio they're referring) is the first choice of media consumption of very few children, especially heard from girls whose consumption increases with age, but regardless of sex. The percentage goes up if we talk about the consumption of music to relax, but the authors do not just find the place in which they can classify, as it can be included in all media from talk radio to television until of hi-fi or video, talking also about the most popular formats like Mp3 or Ipod.

Instead they see computers and books as they consume media for learning, they perceive radio only for entertainment when radio could also be one of them. The respondents acknowledge that they consume radio in a more casual way and it is the environment where they're least concentrated (12%) ahead of phone and video. However, they put more attention when radios broadcast music. In another study, they evaluated the low level of consumption of the radio in British homes despite the number of machines. They say: “ while we cannot simply infer children’s access from a knowledge of household media provision, the balance struck between common and personal provision of media is indicative of family strategies in incorporating new forms of media into their domestic culture and daily routines”. The radio is the fifth device that children would be in your room and it was in the same position evaluating the only device you have, and hearing is the last of the entertainment-related activities that children choose in case of boredom. It is also the eighth activity they see their parents do. Scanell demonstrated in a study in 1988 that television schedule mark the hours for the consumption of other media. Nearly all (99%) have access to either a hi-fi or radio, and almost all (86%) listen to it. On average, children and young people listen to music on 5 days per week, for 91 minutes on a typical day, making an overall average of one and a quarter hours per day (76 minutes).

As we already mentioned, there are differences in consumption in terms of sex and age. Amongst the minority who do not listen to music, there are nearly twice as many boys as girls, and girls spend around an hour and a half a day listening compared with just over one hour for boys. Following age patterns, the numbers listening to music in their free time increase from under three-quarters (71%) at 6-8 to almost everyone (97%) at 15-17.When they have between 6 and 8 years old, children listen to music for around half an hour per day. With 15-17 years old those who listen at all spend on average just over two hours doing so. The popularity of music is growing up: few listen to music only occasionally, and for teenagers, ‘heavy’ use becomes increasingly common (typical of 38% of 15-17 year old). Neuman's studies in 1991 showed in the other hand the limited influence that the use of radio exercised in handling the children time to do homework or go to bed.

With the arrival of new radio technology has shifted to the narrowcasting and podcasting, specialising in particular types of music, and transmitting these at more varied times of day than broadcast television. In consequence, each new medium may result in a larger number of media options for children. And it can be more powerful, because the way that the media are becoming integrated within an ever-smaller, more multifunctional black box which does everything and over which we have control allow us to listen the radio and our music wherever we want.

Taking in count the type of families, radio is more consumed from one-parent families whose children are more likely to have less expensive items such as books, walkmans and radios if we compare with children in reconstituted families are particularly likely to have screen entertainment media. They dedicate an important space to investigate the importance of the music for children and teenagers as part of their conversation and the improvement that they have in their social relationship if they have this system.